Seasonal changes in distribution of the African armyworm, Spodoptera exempta (Wlk.) (Lep., Noctuidae), with special reference to eastern Africa,10.101

• ...The pattern which emerged suggested that there was a northward movement of populations from Tanzania to Ethiopia associated with the onset of the wet season in each country (Brown et al. 1969)...
• ...There is some evidence that moths are brought near to the ground by rain (Riley et al. 1983) and more moths are trapped on rainy nights (Brown et al. 1969; Douthwaite 1978; Tucker and Pedgley 1983)...
• ...The position in time and space of outbreaks has been shown for many occasions to correspond with the positions of synoptic-scale wind convergence zones about the estimated dates of moth arrival prior to oviposition (Brown et al. 1969; Blair 1972; Blair and Catling 1974; Betts 1976; Rose and Law 1976; Rose 1979; Blair et al. 1980; Rainey 1989)...
• ...Less is known about the noticeable spread of outbreaks southwards from southern Tanzania, Mozambique and Malawi to Zimbabwe, South Africa and other parts of southern Africa (Brown et al. 1969; Blair and Catling 1974; Rose 1979; T.J...

D. J. W. Rose, et al. The bionomics of the African armyworm Spodoptera exempta in relation t...